Ethnographic- study of the present
Analytical - study of the past
primarily interactive field research
primarily noninteractive document research
Derived from the disciplines: anthropology, sociology, & psychology
Derived from: philosophy, history, literature, & criticism
Two Classifications of Ethnography
Analysis of documents:
- identifies
- studies
- synthesizes data
Purpose: to study a past event, person, or movement to understand or clarify meanings
Types:
Concept analysis (looks for the meaning & use of concept)
Historical analysis (examines causes, trends, & often relates past to current events)
Legal analysis - law court decisions to better understand the "law" and legal issues
Phenomenology
Grounded Theory
Provides an understanding of a concept from the participant's views of their social realities.
Links participants perceptions to prior research conducted by independent researchers in different settings over many years, and suggests new concepts or mini-theories about humans in general
Purposes:
- To examine questions to develop theory
- To provide descriptive-analytical interpretations of phenomena, concept or model
- To describe and analyze a situation, event, or process
- To assess the worth of a practice, program or policy
- To identify policy issues
- To contribute to large-scale research projects involving several research specialists
- To serve as a precursor to quantitative research by providing insight to develop instruments such as observation schedules or questionnaires.
- To pick up unanticipated effects by more structured approaches